Science:对虐待儿童的传代现象进行评估
在有关青少年时被虐待的家长是否更可能会虐待他们自己孩子的辩论中,一项结合多个世代观察视角的新研究表明,人们所认为的世代间虐待的传递有部分可能是因为监察或检测造成的,具体地说,是由针对在孩提时自己被虐待的家长的偏见造成的。这项由Cathy Spatz Widom和同事所做的研究提示,我们对虐待孩子的代间传播的理解要比曾经认为的更复杂。
尽管被虐待的孩子长大后会成为施虐家长的概念被广泛接受,但有些研究人员强调说设计用来探索这一问题的方法存在着局限性。为了克服这些局限性,在Widom等人较早几波的研究中,研究人员开始对908位在孩提时曾被虐待的个人进行了一系列的访谈。这些人是在1989至1995年间的某个时候首次接受访谈的。为了比较,研究人员还访谈了同龄的没有过被虐待历史的人。这两组人以及他们的孩子还参与了几次额外的访谈,时间最迟至2009年和2010年。此外,研究人员还对儿童保护机构的记录进行了评估。
在他们的研究成果中,Widom和同事发现,孩提时有过被虐待经历的成年人被报告给儿童保护机构的可能性是没有这类历史的成年人的两倍,即使他们自己并没有报告有针对他们自己孩子的更多的性或身体方面的虐待。这些家长的孩子更有可能报告受到过性虐待和被忽视,而且他们在被问及儿童保护服务机构是否对他们更为关心时也更可能回答“是”。
这些研究人员的研究结果提示,那些自己孩提时有过被虐待或被忽视历史的家长受到了监控或检测的偏见影响。这或能解释为什么儿童保护机构针对这一群体有较多的报告。因此,作者们说,需要有更多的资源来评估世代间虐待和忽视传播的程度。
原文链接:Intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect: Real or detection bias?
The literature has been contradictory regarding whether parents who were abused as children have a greater tendency to abuse their own children. A prospective 30-year follow-up study interviewed individuals with documented histories of childhood abuse and neglect and matched comparisons and a subset of their children. The study assessed maltreatment based on child protective service (CPS) agency records and reports by parents, nonparents, and offspring. The extent of the intergenerational transmission of abuse and neglect depended in large part on the source of the information used. Individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect have higher rates of being reported to CPS for child maltreatment but do not self-report more physical and sexual abuse than matched comparisons. Offspring of parents with histories of childhood abuse and neglect are more likely to report sexual abuse and neglect and that CPS was concerned about them at some point in their lives. The strongest evidence for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment indicates that offspring are at risk for childhood neglect and sexual abuse, but detection or surveillance bias may account for the greater likelihood of CPS reports.